Read Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife By Bart D. Ehrman
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Ebook About A New York Times bestselling historian of early Christianity takes on two of the most gripping questions of human existence: where did the ideas of heaven and hell come from and why do they endure?What happens when we die? A recent Pew Research poll showed that 72% of Americans believe in a literal heaven and 58% believe in a literal hell. Most people who hold these beliefs are Christian and assume they are the age-old teachings of the Bible. But eternal rewards and punishments are found nowhere in the Old Testament and are not what Jesus or his disciples taught. So where did these ideas come from? In this “eloquent understanding of how death is viewed through many spiritual traditions” (Publishers Weekly, starred review), Bart Ehrman recounts the long history of the afterlife, ranging from The Epic of Gilgamesh up to the writings of Augustine, focusing especially on the teachings of Jesus and his early followers. He discusses ancient guided tours of heaven and hell, in which a living person observes the sublime blessings of heaven for those who are saved and the horrifying torments of hell for those who are damned. Some of these accounts take the form of near death experiences, the oldest on record, with intriguing similarities to those reported today. One of Ehrman’s startling conclusions is that there never was a single Greek, Jewish, or Christian understanding of the afterlife, but numerous competing views. Moreover, these views did not come from nowhere; they were intimately connected with the social, cultural, and historical worlds out of which they emerged. Only later, in the early Christian centuries, did they develop into notions of eternal bliss or damnation widely accepted today. In this “elegant history” (The New Yorker), Ehrman helps us reflect on where our ideas of the afterlife come from. With his “richly layered-narrative” (The Boston Globe) he assures us that even if there may be something to hope for when we die, there certainly is nothing to fear.Book Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife Review :
Bart Ehrman’s latest book is not a scholarly treatment of the history of concepts of the afterlife. Instead it’s a popular account of the history of the relatively simplistic account of the afterlife the author believes to be held by many Americans.Beginning with the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh then quickly turning to the Greeks he discusses Homer, Plato and a scattering of other authors but reveals nothing that isn’t obvious on a first reading of these texts. The surprisingly differing accounts held by the ancients, advertised by the publisher, turns out to be merely that Homer and Plato did not share the same ideas.Thus Ehrman surveys the Romans only to find, “Gasp!”, that different Romans from different centuries also had different beliefs. Ditto for the Old Testament. There is no effort to try to achieve a kind of synthesis. There is no examination of Eastern cultures’ ideas of an afterlife. There is no summary of what archaeology can tell us of prehistoric notions. Instead you get a summary of the ideas that Ehrman believes are at the root of modern Christian beliefs.A lot of the book is then devoted to Ehrman’s personal theory that Jesus Christ and St. Paul believed in the annihilation instead of the eternal punishment of wicked souls. It’s rather idiosyncratic and based on a host of assumptions. To be honest, I don’t see why he occupies a great part of the book dwelling on this point unless it is to shake readers from the idea that there is a consistent Christian teaching on heaven and hell.I can’t really think of a group who should read this. It’s written for a popular audience, since no scholar needs to be told that there are many accounts of the afterlife in Ancient Greece, but is mostly devoted to one scholar’s particular theory. In short, it’s caught in a kind of limbo between scholarship and popularization that should satisfy no one. This is the latest in Bart Ehrman's fine series of books examining the early history of Christianity. Ehrman is a Professor of Religious Studies and one of the best known writers in the field. Although his books are aimed at a general rather than specialist audience, there is no lack of scholarly rigor.As Ehrman relates it, ideas about the afterlife among Jews and Christians in the last centuries BC and in the first century AD varied widely and were heavily influenced by borrowings from other cultures, including Persian Zoroastrianism and especially Greek philosophy. It is important, when reading texts from what are now known as the Old and New Testaments, to understand what the people who were active when those texts were written would have understood them to mean. Often this varies considerably from how they are usually interpreted in the present day. Ehrman presents a wealth of fascinating details about, among many other things, how the concepts of eternal bliss and eternal punishment developed slowly and in response to issues and challenges faced by the people who were developing them.By the end of Heaven and Hell some of Ehrman's readers may feel a sense of unease because what they've just read disagrees with what they have heard in worship services for many years. That's perfectly acceptable. I've never believed that anyone's faith can be challenged unless they want it to be, and I believe that anyone who reads this and other works by Ehrman with open minds can feel more comfortable, rather than less, with their new knowledge. Read Online Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife Download Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife PDF Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife Mobi Free Reading Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife Download Free Pdf Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife PDF Online Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife Mobi Online Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife Reading Online Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife Read Online Bart D. Ehrman Download Bart D. Ehrman Bart D. Ehrman PDF Bart D. Ehrman Mobi Free Reading Bart D. Ehrman Download Free Pdf Bart D. Ehrman PDF Online Bart D. Ehrman Mobi Online Bart D. Ehrman Reading Online Bart D. EhrmanDownload Mobi Slaughterhouse-Five: A Novel By Kurt Vonnegut
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